Export translations

Settings

Group

Language

Format

Export for off-line translation

Export in native format

Export in CSV format

<languages />
[[File:0000228 zarathustra-with-sword-2382AX 600.jpeg|thumb|<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Zarathustra</span>]]

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
This office in hierarchy is presently held by one who was embodied as the founder of Zoroastrianism in ancient Persia. He is the highest initiate of the sacred fire on the planet and the governing authority of the energies of [[fohat]]. He is over the priests of the sacred fire and the priesthood of [[Melchizedek]].
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
All members of the [[Great White Brotherhood]] serve in the Order of Melchizedek even as they serve the sacred fire, but only those who have reached a certain level of initiation may be called Priests of the Order of Melchizedek. Other members serve the purposes of the Order but do not bear the title of priest. Zarathustra has many disciples serving under him, and when the most advanced of these reaches a certain attainment, he will qualify for the office, and the teacher will go on to cosmic service.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
== The historical record ==
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Zoroastrianism is the one of the oldest of the world’s religions. Zarathustra, its founder, was a prophet who spoke to his God face-to-face.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Mary Boyce, Emeritus Professor of Iranian Studies at the University of London, points out:
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<blockquote>Zoroastrianism is the oldest of the revealed world-religions, and it has probably had more influence on mankind, directly and indirectly, than any other single faith.<ref>Mary Boyce, ''Zoroastrians, Their Religious Beliefs and Practices'' (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1979), p. 1.</ref></blockquote>
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
According to R. C. Zaehner, former Spalding Professor of Eastern Religions and Ethics at Oxford University, Zarathustra was
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<blockquote>... one of the greatest religious geniuses of all time.... [He] was a prophet, or at least conceived himself to be such; he spoke to his God face to face.... [Yet] about the Prophet himself we know almost nothing that is authentic.<ref>R. C. Zaehner, “Zoroastrianism,” in ''The Concise Encyclopaedia of Living Faiths'', ed. R. C. Zaehner (1959; reprint, Boston: Beacon Press, 1967), pp. 222, 209.</ref></blockquote>
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Zarathustra lived in a nonliterate society, whose people did not keep records. His teachings were passed down by oral tradition, and much of what was later written down about his life and teachings has been lost or destroyed. What scholars have been able to piece together about him comes from three sources: the study of the historical milieu prior to and during the time Zarathustra is believed to have lived, tradition, and seventeen sacred hymns called Gathas. Scholars concur that Zarathustra composed these hymns. The Gathas are recorded in the Avesta, the sacred scriptures of Zoroastrianism.
</div>

[[File:Zoroaster_1.jpg|thumb|<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Scenes from the life of Zarathustra</span>]]

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
It is believed that Zarathustra was born in what is now east central Iran, but that is not certain. Zarathustra’s date of birth is even more difficult to establish. Scholars place it sometime between 1700 <small>B</small>.<small>C</small>. and 600 <small>B</small>.<small>C</small>. The consensus is that he lived around 1000 <small>B</small>.<small>C</small>. or earlier.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
The Gathas are the key to determining Zarathustra’s approximate year of birth. They are linguistically similar to the Rigveda, one of the sacred texts of the Hindus. According to Boyce:
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<blockquote>The language of the Gathas is archaic, and close to that of the Rigveda (whose composition has been assigned to about 1700 <small>B</small>.<small>C</small>. onwards); and the picture of the world to be gained from [the Gathas] is correspondingly ancient, that of a Stone Age society.... It is only possible therefore to hazard a reasoned conjecture that [Zarathustra] lived some time between 1700 and 1500 <small>B</small>.<small>C</small>.<ref>Boyce, ''Zoroastrians'', p. 18.</ref></blockquote>
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Other scholars working with the same evidence place his birth between 1400 and 1200 <small>B</small>.<small>C</small>.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
The Gathas say that Zarathustra was of the Spitama family, a family of knights. The Greek name for Zarathustra is Zoroaster, meaning “Golden Star,” or “Golden Light.” He was one of the priest class who formulated mantras.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Zarathustra was also an initiate. According to Boyce, “He ... describes himself [in the Gathas] as a ‘vaedemna’ or ‘one who knows,’ an initiate possessed of divinely inspired wisdom.”<ref>Boyce, ''Zoroastrians'', p. 19.</ref> But first and foremost, Zarathustra was a prophet, and ''he is'' a prophet and he lives today among us as an ascended master.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
The Gathas depict him as talking to God. They say:
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<blockquote>He is “the Prophet who raises his voice in veneration, the friend of Truth,” God’s friend, a “true enemy to the followers of the Lie and a powerful support to the followers of the Truth.”<ref>Gathas: Yasnas 50.6, 46.2, 43.8, quoted in Zaehner, “Zoroastrianism,” p. 210.</ref></blockquote>
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
== Calling as a prophet ==
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Tradition holds that at the age of twenty, Zarathustra left his father, mother and wife to wander in search of Truth. Ten years later he had the first of many visions.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Boyce writes:
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<blockquote>
According to tradition Zoroaster was thirty, the time of ripe wisdom, when revelation finally came to him. This great happening is alluded to in one of the Gathas and is tersely described in a Pahlavi [Middle Persian] work. Here it is said that Zoroaster, being at a gathering [called] to celebrate a spring festival, went at dawn to a river to fetch water.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
He waded in to draw [the water] from midstream; and when he returned to the bank ... he had a vision. He saw on the bank a shining Being, who revealed himself as Vohu Manah ‘Good [Mind]’; and this Being led Zoroaster into the presence of Ahura Mazda and five other radiant figures, before whom ‘he did not see his own shadow upon the earth, owing to their great light’. And it was then, from this great heptad [or group of seven beings], that he received his revelation.”<ref>Boyce, ''Zoroastrians'', p. 19.</ref>
</blockquote>
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
We can conjecture that the seven beings of this great heptad were none other than the [[Seven Holy Kumaras]].
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Ahura Mazda means “Wise Lord.” Zarathustra recognized Ahura Mazda as the one true God, the Creator of the universe.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
The significance of this cannot be overstated. Zarathustra may have been the first monotheist in recorded history. Zaehner points out, “The great achievement of the Iranian Prophet [was] that he eliminated all the ancient gods of the Iranian pantheon, leaving only Ahura Mazdah, the ‘Wise Lord’, as the One True God.”<ref>Zaehner, “Zoroastrianism,” p. 210.</ref>
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Some scholars assert that Zarathustra was not a strict monotheist but a henotheist, that is, one who worships one God but does not deny the existence of others. This is a technical distinction. As David Bradley, author of ''A Guide to the World’s Religions'', notes, “[Zarathustra] was a practicing monotheist in the same way that Moses was.”<ref>David G. Bradley, ''A Guide to the World’s Religions'' (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1963), p. 40.</ref> Bradley thinks that Moses knew of the existence of lesser gods but insisted on the necessity of siding with the true God against all other gods.<ref>Ibid.</ref>
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Shortly after his first vision, Zarathustra became a spokesman for Ahura Mazda and began to proclaim his message.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
According to Simmons, Zarathustra instituted a religious reform that was more far-reaching and more radical than Martin Luther’s challenge of the Roman Catholic Church.<ref>Telephone interview with H. Michael Simmons, Center for Zoroastrian Research, 28 June 1992.</ref>
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Zarathustra’s reform had a number of facets. His main objective was to stamp out Evil. He began to condemn the religious doctrines of his countrymen.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
The old religion, as best we can tell, had two classes of deities—the ''ahuras'', or “lords,” and the ''daevas'', or “demons.” According to Zaehner:
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<blockquote>It is ... the ''daevas'' specifically whom Zoroaster attacks, not the ''ahuras'' whom he prefers to ignore.... In all probability he considered them to be God’s creatures and as fighters on his side. In any case he concentrated the full weight of his attack on the ''daevas'' and their worshippers who practised a gory sacrificial ritual and were the enemies of the settled pastoral community to which the Prophet himself belonged.<ref>Zaehner, “Zoroastrianism,” p. 210.</ref></blockquote>
</div>

[[File:Zoroaster-and-vestasp.jpg|thumb|<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Zarathustra and Vishtaspa</span>]]

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
== Spreading his message ==
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
At first Zarathustra had little success in spreading his message. Zaehner observes, “It is obvious from the ''Gathas'' that Zoroaster met with very stiff opposition from the civil and ecclesiastical authorities when once he had proclaimed his mission.”<ref>R. C. Zaehner, ''The Dawn and Twilight of Zoroastrianism'' (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1961), p. 35.</ref> He was persecuted by the priests and followers of the ''daevas''. According to tradition, they tried to kill him a number of times.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
It took ten years for Zarathustra to make his first convert, his cousin. He was then divinely led to the court of King Vishtaspa and Queen Hutaosa.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Vishtaspa was an honest, simple monarch but was surrounded by the ''Karpans'', a group of self-seeking, manipulative priests. They convened a council to challenge the revelations of the new prophet and successfully conspired to have him thrown in jail. As the story goes, Zarathustra won his freedom by miraculously curing the king’s favorite black horse. Vishtaspa granted him permission to teach the new faith to his consort, Queen Hutaosa. The beautiful Hutaosa became one of Zarathustra’s greatest supporters and assisted him in converting Vishtaspa.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
After two long years, the monarch was finally converted. But Vishtaspa required one final sign before he would totally embrace the faith. He asked to be shown what role he would play in the heaven-world. In response, Ahura Mazda sent three archangels to the court of Vishtaspa and Hutaosa. They appeared as effulgent knights in full armour, riding on horseback. According to one text, they arrived in such glory that “their radiance in that lofty residence seemed ... a heaven of complete light, owing to their great power and triumph;... when he thus looked upon [them], the exalted king Vishtaspa trembled, all his courtiers trembled, all his chieftains were confused.”<ref>Dinkart 7.4.75–76, quoted in Bernard H. Springett, ''Zoroaster, the Great Teacher'' (London: William Rider and Son, 1923), p. 25.</ref>
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Radiating a blinding light and the sound of thunder, they announced that they had come on behalf of Ahura Mazda in order that the king might receive the fullness of the message of Zarathustra. They promised Vishtaspa a life span of 150 years and that he and Hutaosa would have an immortal son. The archangels warned, however, that if Vishtaspa should decide not to take up the religion, his end would not be far away. The king embraced the faith, and the entire court followed suit. The scriptures record that the archangels then took up their abode with Vishtaspa.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
== Messenger of Sanat Kumara ==
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
In a dictation given January 1, 1981, the ascended master Zarathustra spoke of King Vishtaspa and Queen Hutaosa:
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<blockquote>
I AM come to deliver the sacred fire of the Sun behind the sun to raise you up and to establish in you the original teaching of Ahura Mazda, [[Sanat Kumara]], delivered long ago in the land of ancient Persia unto me and unto the king and queen who received the conversion of [[archangel]]s and of the sacred fire and of holy angels by the descent of light. Thus, by their lifestreams’ acceptance of my prophecy, there came to pass the multiplication of the bread of life from the heart of Sanat Kumara, whose messenger I was, whose messenger I remain....
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
The teaching of the hosts of the L<small>ORD</small> and the coming of the great avatar of light, the teaching of betrayal and the consequent warfare of his hosts against the evil ones, was understood and propagated. The law of [[karma]], the law of [[reincarnation]], and even the vision of the last days when evil and the Evil One would be vanquished—all of this went forth by the conversion of the king and the queen and the reaching out of the faith to all of the subjects of the land. Thus, the tests were given by the archangels through my office unto these two chosen ones. Thereby passing the tests, they became blessed as secondary emissaries of Sanat Kumara. And therefore, I the prophet and they holding the balance in the earth manifested a trinity of light and the figure-eight flow.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Realize the necessary ingredients for the propagation of the faith throughout the earth. The archangels send their messenger with a gift of prophecy that is the Word of Sanat Kumara to every culture and in every age. Thus, the prophet comes forth with the vision, with the anointing and with the sacred fire. But unless the prophet find the fertile field of hearts aflame and receptive, the authority of the Word does not pass unto the people.<ref>Zarathustra, “A Moment in Cosmic History—The Empowerment of Bearers of the Sacred Fire,” {{POWref|24|13|, March 28, 1981}}</ref>
</blockquote>
</div>

[[File:Ahuramazda in the winged disk, from the Hall of 100 Columns, Persepolis, Achaemenid Persia, 486-460 BC, limestone, traces of paint - Sackler Museum - Harvard University - DSC01735.jpg|thumb|<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Ahura Mazda in the winged disk, from the Hall of 100 Columns, Persepolis, Achaemenid Persia, 486–460 <small>B</small>.<small>C</small>.</span>]]

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
== Ahura Mazda ==
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Zarathustra recognized Ahura Mazda, the Wise Lord, as the creator of all, but he did not see him as a solitary figure. In Zoroastrianism, Ahura Mazda is the father of Spenta Mainyu, the Holy Spirit. ''Spenta'' means “holy” or “bountiful.” ''Mainyu'' means “spirit” or “mentality.” The Holy Spirit is one with, yet distinct from, Ahura Mazda. Ahura Mazda expresses his will through Spenta Mainyu.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Boyce explains:
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<blockquote>For Zarathushtra God was Ahura Mazda, who ... had created the world and all that is good in it through his Holy Spirit, Spenta Mainyu, who is both his active agent and yet one with him, indivisible and yet distinct.<ref>Mary Boyce, ed. and trans., ''Textual Sources for the Study of Zoroastrianism'' (1984; reprint, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990), p. 12.</ref></blockquote>
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Simply put, the Spirit is always the Spirit of the Lord. When we speak of the Holy Spirit, it is the Spirit of God.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Ahura Mazda is also the father of the Amesha Spentas, or six “Holy” or “Bountiful Immortals.” Boyce says that the term ''spenta'' is one of the most important in Zarathustra’s theology. To him, it meant “possessing power.” When used in connection with the beneficent deities, it meant “possessing power to aid” and hence “furthering, supporting, benefiting.”<ref>Boyce, ''Zoroastrians'', p. 22.</ref>
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Zarathustra taught that Ahura Mazda created the world in seven stages. He did so with the help of the six great Holy Immortals and his Holy Spirit. The term ''Amesha Spenta'' can refer to any one of the divinities created by Ahura Mazda but refers especially to the six who helped create the world. According to Boyce:
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<blockquote>
These divinities formed a heptad with Ahura Mazda himself.... Ahura Mazda is said either to be their “father”, or to have “mingled” himself with them, and in one ... text his creation of them is compared with the lighting of torches from a torch.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
The six great Beings then in their turn, Zoroaster taught, evoked other beneficent divinities, who are in fact the beneficent gods of the pagan Iranian pantheon.... All these divine beings, who are...either directly or indirectly the emanations of Ahura Mazda, strive under him, according to their various appointed tasks, to further good and to defeat evil.<ref>Ibid., p. 21.</ref>
</blockquote>
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
The six Holy or Bountiful Immortals also represent attributes of Ahura Mazda. The Holy Immortals are as follows:
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
'''Vohu Manah''', whose name means “Good Mind,” “Good Thought” or “Good Purpose.” According to Boyce, “For every individual, as for the prophet himself,” Vohu Manah is “the Immortal who leads the way to all the rest.” '''Asha Vahishta''', whose name means “Best Righteousness,” “Truth” or “Order,” is the closest confederate of Vohu Manah.<ref>Ibid., p. 22; Boyce, ''Textual Sources'', p. 13.</ref>
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
'''Spenta Armaiti''', “Right-mindedness” or “Holy Devotion,” Boyce says, embodies the dedication to what is good and just. '''Khshathra Vairya''', “Desirable Dominion,” represents the power that each person should exert for righteousness as well as the power and the kingdom of God.<ref>Boyce, ''Zoroastrians'', p. 22.</ref>
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
The final two are a pair. They are '''Haurvatat''', whose name means “Wholeness” or “Health,” and '''Ameretat''', whose name means “Long Life” or “Immortality.” Boyce says these two enhance earthly existence and confer eternal well-being and life, which may be obtained by the righteous in the presence of Ahura Mazda.<ref>Ibid.</ref> She says:
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<blockquote>The doctrine of the Heptad is at the heart of Zoroastrian theology. Together with [the concept of Good and Evil] it provides the basis for Zoroastrian spirituality and ethics, and shapes the characteristic Zoroastrian attitude of responsible stewardship for this world.<ref>Boyce, ''Textual Sources'', p. 14.</ref></blockquote>
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
In later tradition, the six Holy Immortals were considered to be [[Archangel]]s.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
== The nature of good and evil ==
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
When it came to Good and Evil, Zarathustra tended to see things in terms of black and white. According to Zaehner:
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<blockquote>The Prophet knew no spirit of compromise.... On the one hand stood Asha—Truth and Righteousness—[and] on the other the Druj—the Lie, Wickedness, and Disorder. This was not a matter on which compromise was possible [as far as Zarathustra was concerned].... The Prophet [forbade] his followers to have any contact with the “followers of the Lie.”<ref>Ibid.</ref></blockquote>
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
The origin of the conflict between Truth and the Lie is described in the Gathas. It is presented as a myth about two Spirits, called twins, who must make a choice between Good and Evil at the beginning of time. One of the two is the Holy Spirit, the son of Ahura Mazda. The other is the Evil Mind or the Evil Spirit, Angra Mainyu.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Zarathustra introduced the myth with the following words, which underscore the all-important concept of free will and that every man must choose the Truth or the Lie: “Hear with your ears, behold with mind all clear the two choices between which you must decide, each man [deciding] for his own self, [each man] knowing how it will appear to us at the [time of] great crisis.”<ref>Gatha: Yasna 30, quoted in Zaehner, ''Dawn'', p. 42.</ref> Then he proceeded to recount the myth:
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<blockquote>
In the beginning those two Spirits who are the well-endowed twins were known as the one good and the other evil, in thought, word, and deed. Between them the wise chose rightly, not so the fools. And when these Spirits met they established in the beginning life and death that in the end the followers of the Lie should meet with the worst existence, but the followers of Truth with the Best Mind.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Of these two Spirits he who was of the Lie chose to do the worst things; but the Most Holy Spirit, clothed in rugged heaven, [chose] Truth as did [all] who sought with zeal to do the pleasure of the Wise Lord by [doing] good works.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Between the two the ''daevas'' [the demons] did not choose rightly; for, as they deliberated, delusion overcame them so that they chose the most Evil Mind. Then did they, with one accord, rush headlong unto Fury that they might thereby extinguish the existence of mortal men.<ref>Ibid.</ref>
</blockquote>
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
The Holy Spirit and the Evil Spirit are, as Zaehner puts it, “irreconcilably opposed to each other.”<ref>Zaehner, ''Dawn'', pp. 42–43.</ref> Zarathustra said:
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<blockquote>I will speak out concerning the two Spirits of whom, at the beginning of existence, the Holier thus spoke to him who is Evil: “Neither our thoughts, nor our teachings, nor our wills, nor our choices, nor our words, nor our deeds, nor our consciences, nor yet our souls agree.”<ref>Gatha: Yasna 45.2, quoted in Zaehner, ''Dawn'', p. 43.</ref></blockquote>
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Zaehner notes that this state of conflict affected every sphere of activity human or divine. In the social sphere, the conflict took place between the pastoral communities of peaceful cattle breeders, who were “followers of Truth or Righteousness,” and the bands of predatory nomads, who raided the cattle breeders. Zarathustra called these predatory nomads the “followers of the Lie.”<ref>Zaehner, “Zoroastrianism,” pp. 211, 210.</ref>
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
On the religious plane, the conflict took place between Zarathustra and his followers and those who were followers of the traditional Iranian religion and worshiped the ''daevas''. The adherents of this ancient religion said it was founded by Yima, the child of the Sun. Zarathustra attacked Yima and the ritual of animal sacrifice he had introduced.<ref>Ibid., p. 211.</ref>
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
He also condemned the rite associated with drinking ''haoma'', the fermented juice of a plant that caused “filthy drunkenness.”<ref>Gatha: Yasna 48.10, quoted in Zaehner, “Zoroastrianism,” p. 211.</ref> Scholars are not sure what ''haoma'' was, but they conclude from the description of the effects it had on those who drank it that it probably contained a hallucinogen. Zaehner writes: “For Zoroaster the whole cult with its bloody sacrifice and ritual drunkenness is anathema—a rite offered to false gods and therefore a ‘lie’.”<ref>Zaehner, “Zoroastrianism,” p. 211.</ref>
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Zarathustra said “the followers of the Lie” destroyed life and strove to “sever the followers of Truth from the Good Mind.”<ref>Gatha: Yasna 32.11, quoted in Zaehner, “Zoroastrianism,” p. 211.</ref> The followers of the Lie knew who Zarathustra was, recognized the danger he represented and did everything they could to destroy him. To this end, they continued to sacrifice bulls and participate in the ''haoma'' rite. According to Zaehner:
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<blockquote>There would seem to be little doubt that an actual state of war existed between the two parties, Zoroaster and his patron Vishtaspa standing on the one side and the so-called followers of the Lie, many of whom he mentions by name, on the other.<ref>Zaehner, ''Dawn'', p. 36.</ref></blockquote>
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Finally, the battle went on right within man. John Noss, author of ''Man’s Religions'', observes that “it was perhaps Zoroaster’s cardinal moral principle, that each man's soul is the seat of a war between good and evil.”<ref>John B. Noss, ''Man’s Religions'', 5th ed. (New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1974), p. 443.</ref>
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
One of the principal weapons used to attack demons and evil men was the prayer written by Zarathustra, the Ahuna Vairya. This short prayer is the most sacred of Zoroastrian prayers:
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<blockquote>As the Master, so is the Judge to be chosen in accord with Truth. Establish the power of acts arising from a life lived with good purpose, for Mazda and for the lord whom they made pastor for the poor.<ref>Ahuna Vairya, in Boyce, ''Textual Sources'', p. 56.</ref></blockquote>
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
The lord in the last line of this prayer is thought to be Zarathustra himself. The prayer is ancient. It is written in the style of the Rigveda. According to Simmons, this prayer is a mantra. Simmons says that Zoroastrians believe that “pronouncing words in Zoroastrian ritual has an effect on the external world.” They believe that if a particular mantra is pronounced correctly, it will affect outer circumstances.<ref>Simmons, telephone interview, 28 June 1992.</ref>
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Zaehner sums up:
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<blockquote>
For Zoroaster there is only one God, Creator of heaven and earth and of all things. In his relations with the world God acts through his main “faculties” which are sometimes spoken of as being engendered by him—his Holy Spirit, [his] Righteousness, [his] Good Mind, and Right-mindedness. Further he is master of the Kingdom, Wholeness, and Immortality, which also form aspects of himself.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Righteousness or Truth is the objective standard of right behaviour which God chooses.... Wickedness or disorder ... is the objective standard of all that strives against God, the standard which the Evil Spirit chooses at the beginning of existence. Evil imitates the good creation: and so we find the Evil Spirit operating against the Holy Spirit, the Evil Mind against the Good Mind, the Lie or wickedness against Truth or Righteousness, and Pride against Right-mindedness.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Evil derives from the wrong choice of a free being who must in some sense derive from God, but for whose wickedness God cannot be held responsible. Angra Mainyu or Ahriman, [names for] the Devil, is not yet co-eternal with God as he was to become in the later system: he is the Adversary of the Holy Spirit only, not of God himself.<ref>Zaehner, “Zoroastrianism,” p. 213.</ref>
</blockquote>
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
But in the end, according to Zoroastrian doctrine, Good will triumph over Evil. These concepts about the birth of Evil very closely parallel the concept of the birth of Evil found in the [[Kabbalah]].
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
== Morality ==
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Zarathustra’s concept of morality can be summed up with the words “good thoughts, good words, good deeds.”<ref>Zaehner, “Zoroastrianism,” p. 221.</ref> This is the threefold ethic of Zoroastrianism. Boyce writes:
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<blockquote>
All Zoroastrians, men and women alike, wear [a] cord as a girdle, passed three times round the waist and knotted at back and front. Initiation took place at the age of fifteen; and thereafter, every day for the rest of his life, the believer must himself untie and retie the cord repeatedly when praying. The symbolism of the girdle (called in Persian the “kusti”) was elaborated down the centuries; but it is likely that from the beginning the three coils were intended to symbolize the threefold ethic of Zoroastrianism, and so to concentrate the wearer's thoughts on the practice of his faith.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Further, the kusti is tied over an inner shirt of pure white, the “sudra,” which has a little purse sewn into the throat; and this is to remind the believer that he should be continually filling its emptiness with the merit of good thoughts, words and deeds, and so be laying up treasure for himself in heaven.<ref>Boyce, ''Zoroastrians'', pp. 31–32.</ref>
</blockquote>
</div>

[[File:ZoroastrianPriest Banier1741a.jpg|thumb|<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A Zoroastrian priest reads from a book while performing a sacrifice, Bernard Picart (1673–1733)</span>]]

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
== Fire in Zoroastrianism ==
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Fire also plays a central role in Zarathustra’s religion. Fire was a symbol of Ahura Mazda. It was also a symbol of Truth because of its power to destroy darkness.<ref>Zaehner, ''Dawn'', pp. 47–48.</ref> Bernard Springett writes in his book ''Zoroaster, the Great Teacher'':
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<blockquote>Fire, the great object of reverence of Zoroaster’s disciples,... has ever been looked upon as a symbol of Spirit, and of Deity, representing the ever-living and ever-active light—essence of the Supreme Being. The perpetual preservation of fire is the first of the five things consecrated by Zoroaster.... The perpetual preservation of fire typifies the essential truth that every man should in like manner make it his constant object to preserve the divine principle in himself which it symbolises.<ref>Springett, ''Zoroaster'', p. 60.</ref></blockquote>
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
== Legacy ==
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
According to tradition, when Zarathustra was seventy-seven, he was assassinated by a priest of the old Iranian religion. Springett writes that “fabulous accounts of Zoroaster’s death are given by the Greek and Latin patristic writers, who assert that he perished by lightning, or a flame from heaven.”<ref>Ibid., p. 32.</ref>
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Much of what happened after Zarathustra’s death is shrouded in mystery. Scholars say that his successors reintroduced back into the system the old gods that he had dethroned.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
By the time the Medes came to power in the seventh century <small>B</small>.<small>C</small>., Zoroastrianism was a major force in Persia. When Alexander the Great conquered Persia in 331 <small>B</small>.<small>C</small>., he killed the priests and burned down the royal palace, destroying whatever may have been recorded of Zoroastrian tradition.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
As Boyce describes it:
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<blockquote>The Zoroastrians sustained irreparable loss through the death of so many of their priests. In those days, when all religious works were handed down orally, the priests were the living books of the faith, and with mass slaughters many ancient works (the tradition holds) were lost, or only haltingly preserved.<ref>Boyce, ''Zoroastrians'', p. 79.</ref></blockquote>
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
About <small>A</small>.<small>D.</small> 225, Zoroastrianism reemerged in Persia and was the state religion until around 651, when the Muslims conquered Persia. Although Zoroastrianism was officially tolerated, the Arab conquerors encouraged conversion to Islam through societal pressures, economic incentives or force. Many Zoroastrians converted or went into exile. Loyal Zoroastrians who remained in Persia were taxed for the privilege of practicing their faith. In later centuries, persecution of Zoroastrians escalated. As of 1976, there were only 129,000 Zoroastrians in the world.<ref>Ibid., p. 226.</ref>
</div>

[[File:1280px-Wiki Loves Monuments 2018 Iran - Yazd - Atash Behram-1.jpg|thumb|<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Fire Temple of Yazd, Iran. This Zoroastrian temple was built in 1934. The sacred fire of the temple is stated to have been burning since about <small>A</small>.<small>D</small>. 470.</span>]]

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
According to Zaehner:
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<blockquote>
Zoroastrianism has practically vanished from the world today, but much of what the Iranian Prophet taught lives on in no less than three great religions—Judaism, Christianity and Islam. It seems fairly certain that the main teachings of Zoroaster were known to the Jews in the Babylonian captivity, and so it was that in those vital but obscure centuries that preceded the coming of Jesus Christ Judaism had absorbed into its bloodstream more of the Iranian Prophet’s teaching than it could well admit.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
It seems probable that it was from him and from his immediate followers that the Jews derived the idea of the immortality of the soul, of the resurrection of the body, of a Devil who works not as a servant of God but as his Adversary, and perhaps too of an eschatological Saviour who was to appear at the end of time. All these ideas, in one form or another, have passed into both Christianity and Islam.<ref>Zaehner, “Zoroastrianism,” p. 222.</ref>
</blockquote>
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
== The mystical path of Zoroastrianism ==
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Some modern-day Zoroastrians say that Zarathustra taught a path of mystical union with God. Dr. Farhang Mehr, a founder of the World Zoroastrian Organization, says that the Zoroastrian mystic seeks union with God but retains his identity. In his book ''The Zoroastrian Tradition'', he writes: “In uniting with God, man does not vanish as a drop in the ocean.”<ref>Farhang Mehr, ''The Zoroastrian Tradition: An Introduction to the Ancient Wisdom of Zarathustra'' (Rockport, Mass.: Element, 1991), p. 93.</ref>
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Mehr says that Zarathustra was “the greatest mystic” and that the path of mysticism is rooted in the Gathas. According to Mehr, the path of mysticism in Zoroastrianism is called the path of Asha, or the path of Truth or Righteousness.<ref>Ibid., pp. 94, 93, 70; telephone interview with Farhang Mehr, 1 July 1992.</ref>
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Mehr delineates six stages in this path, which he correlates to the attributes of the six Holy Immortals. In the first stage the mystic strengthens the good mind and discards the evil mind. In the second stage he embodies righteousness. In the third he acquires divine courage and power. This enables him to selflessly serve his fellowman.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
In the fourth stage the mystic acquires universal love. This allows him to replace self-love with a universal love—God’s love for all. In the fifth stage he achieves perfection, which is synonymous with self-realization. And in the sixth and final stage, he achieves immortality, communion (or union) with God.<ref>Mehr, ''Zoroastrian Tradition'', pp. 94–96.</ref>
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
== His service as an ascended master ==
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Today Zarathustra is an ascended master whose consciousness bears as an auric emanation of fire that is an all-consuming love, a piercing light that goes to the core of whatever is unreal. We call him a Buddha because he has the attainment of the expansion of the threefold flame and of the Christ mind at the level of initiation that we call the buddhic level.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Being in the presence of Zarathustra is like being in the presence of the physical sun itself. The mastery he has of spiritual fire and physical fire is, if not the highest, among the highest of any adept ascended from this planet. If you want to keep the flame of Zarathustra, visualize him keeping the flame, the divine spark, in your own heart. He is the greatest ‘fire-tender’ of them all, if you will. And when you call to him, remember that when you are engaged in the battle of Light and Darkness and you give your call for the binding of the forces of Antichrist, there is no greater devourer of the dark forces than Zarathustra himself. He is an ascended master with buddhic attainment whose auric emanation is one of an all-consuming love.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
== Retreat ==
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{main|Zarathustra's retreat}}
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Zarathustra’s retreat is patterned after the secret chamber of the heart, which is the place where the threefold flame burns on the altar of being. Your high priest, who is your [[Holy Christ Self]], retires to that secret chamber to keep that flame. He and other ascended masters can and do visit you there and tutor your soul. Zarathustra has said that we may be welcomed in his retreat when you have the necessary development of the heart. He has not revealed its location.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Zathustra’s decree, “[[O Mighty Threefold Flame of Life]].”
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
== Sources ==
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{MTR}}, s.v. “Zarathustra.”
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Elizabeth Clare Prophet, “The Light of Persia—Mystical Experiences with Zarathustra,” {{POWref|35|35|, August 30, 1992}}
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
[[Category:Heavenly beings]]
[[Category:Messengers]]
</div>